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Wearable thermal energy harvester powered by human foot

Guodong XU, Yang YANG, Yixin ZHOU, Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第1期页码 26-38 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0215-9

摘要： With explosive applications of many advanced mobile electronic devices, a pervasive energy system with long term sustainability becomes increasingly important. Among the many efforts ever tried, human power is rather unique due to its independence of weather or geographical conditions and is therefore becoming a research focus. This paper is dedicated to demonstrate the possibility and feasibility of harvesting thermal energy from human body by sandwiching a thermoelectric generator (TEG) between human shoe bottom and ground, aiming to power a portable electronic device. Through the conceptual experiments conducted on adults, a maximum 3.99 mW steady state power output at a ground temperature with 273 K is obtained, which is sufficient enough to drive a lot of micro-electronic devices. Also, parametric simulations are performed to systematically clarify the factors influencing the TEG working performance. To further reveal the mechanism of this power generation modality, analytical solutions to the coupled temperature distributions for human foot and TEG module are obtained and the correlation between TEG characteristics and the output power are studied. It was demonstrated that, the TEG working as a wearable power resource by utilizing thermal energy of human foot shows enormous potential and practical values either under normal or extreme conditions.

关键词： human power thermal energy energy harvesting micro power wearable device

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Design method and verification of a hybrid prosthetic mechanism with energy-damper clutchable device

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第16卷第4期页码 747-764 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0644-4

摘要： Transfemoral amputees (TAs) have difficulty in mobility during walking, such as restricted movement of lower extremity and body instability, yet few transfemoral prostheses have explored human-like multiple motion characteristics by simple structures to fit the kinesiology, biomechanics, and stability of human lower extremity. In this work, the configurations of transfemoral prosthetic mechanism are synthesized in terms of human lower-extremity kinesiology. A hybrid transfemoral prosthetic (HTP) mechanism with multigait functions is proposed to recover the gait functions of TAs. The kinematic and mechanical performances of the designed parallel mechanism are analyzed to verify their feasibility in transfemoral prosthetic mechanism. Inspired by motion–energy coupling relationship of the knee, a wearable energy-damper clutched device that can provide energy in knee stance flexion to facilitate the leg off from the ground and can impede the leg’s swing velocity for the next stance phase is proposed. Its co-operation with the springs in the prismatic pairs enables the prosthetic mechanism to have the energy recycling ability under the gait rhythm of the knee joint. Results demonstrate that the designed HTP mechanism can replace the motion functions of the knee and ankle to realize its multimode gait and effectively decrease the peak power of actuators from 94.74 to 137.05 W while maintaining a good mechanical adaptive stability.

关键词： hybrid transfemoral prosthetic mechanism energy recycling wearable mechanical clutched device mechanical adaptive stability

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Evaluation of the power-generation capacity of wearable thermoelectric power generator

Yang YANG, Jing LIU,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 346-357 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0112-z

摘要： Employing thermoelectric generators (TEGs) to gather heat dissipating from the human body through the skin surface is a promising way to supply electronic power to wearable and pocket electronics. The uniqueness of this method lies in its direct utilization of the temperature difference between the environment and the human body, and complete elimination of power maintenance problems. However, most of the previous investigations on thermal energy harvesters are confined to the TEG and electronic system themselves because of the low quality of human energy. We evaluate the energy generation capacity of a wearable TEG subject to various conditions based on biological heat transfer theory. Through numerical simulation and corresponding parametric studies, we find that the temperature distribution in the thermopiles affects the criterion of the voltage output, suggesting that the temperature difference in a single point can be adopted as the criterion for uniform temperature distribution. However, the criterion has to be shifted to the sum of temperature difference on each thermocouple when the temperature distribution is inconsistent. In addition, the performance of the thermal energy harvester can be easily influenced by environmental conditions, as well as the physiological state and physical characteristics of the human body. To further validate the calculation results for the wearable TEG, a series of conceptual experiments are performed on a number of typical cases. The numerical simulation provides a good overview of the electricity generation capability of the TEG, which may prove useful in the design of future thermal energy harvesters.

关键词： thermal energy harvester thermoelectric generator biological heat transfer power generating capacity

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Harvesting biomechanical energy in the walking by shoe based on liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics

Dan DAI, Jing LIU, Yixin ZHOU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 112-121 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0186-x

摘要： A liquid metal magnetohydrodynamics generation system (LMMGS) was proposed and demonstrated in this paper for collecting parasitic power in shoe while walking. Unlike the conventional shoe-mounted human power harvesters that use solid coil and gear mechanism, the proposed system employs liquid metal (Ga In Sn ) as energy carrier, where no moving part is requested in magnetohydrodynamics generators (MHGs). While walking with the LMMGS, the foot alternately presses the two liquid metal pumps (LMPs) which are respectively placed in the front and rear of the sole. As a result, the liquid metal in the LMPs (LMP I and II) is extruded and flows through the MHGs (MHG I and II) in which electricity is produced. For a comparison, three types of LMMGSs (LMMGS A, B and C) were built where all the parts are the same except for the LMPs. Furthermore, performances of these LMMGSs with different volume of injected liquid metal were tested respectively. Experimental results reveal that both the output voltage and power of the LMMGS increase with the volume of injected liquid metal and the size of the LMPs. In addition, a maximum output power of 80 mW is obtained by the LMMGS C with an efficiency of approximately 1.3%. Given its advantages of no side effect, light weight, small size and reliability, The LMMGS is well-suited for powering the wearable and implantable micro/nano device, such as wearable sensors, drug pumps and so on.

关键词： human energy harvesting liquid metal wearable magnetohydrodynamics generator parasitic power in shoe

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Hip-mounted electromagnetic generator to harvest energy from human motion

Dan DAI,Jing LIU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 173-181 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0301-2

摘要： A type of electromagnetic hip-mounted generator (EHG) is proposed to harvest energy from human hip motion to generate electricity. Based on the law of electromagnetic induction, the EHG generator can convert the kinetic power of the thigh swing into electrical energy during walking or running. To demonstrate the feasibility of the present method, a prototype of the EHG has been designed and fabricated. A theoretical analysis has been conducted to interpret the working behavior of this prototype. In addition, the performance of the system has been experimentally tested through a rotary motor and human body motion. When driven by the rotary motor at a rotation speed of 100 r/min, the open-circuit voltage of this prototype is 2.5 V. Further, a maximum open-circuit voltage of approximately 1 V and a maximum output power of 284 μW could be produced respectively when walking with an EHG at a speed of 1.47 m/s. This handy renewable energy technology is promising as a pervasive electricity generation system for a group of wearable or implanted sensors, actuators and mobile electronics.

关键词： human power harvesting pervasive energy electricity generation wearable energy renewable and sustainable energy mobile electronics

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Multifunctional, Wearable, and Wireless Sensing System via Thermoelectric Fabrics

Xinyang He,Jiaxin Cai,Mingyuan Liu,Xuepeng Ni,Wendi Liu,Hanyu Guo,Jianyong Yu,Liming Wang,Xiaohong Qin,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.05.026

摘要： Flexible thermoelectric materials play an important role in smart wearables, such as wearable power generation, self-powered sensing, and personal thermal management. However, with the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), higher standards for comfort, multifunctionality, and sustainable operation of wearable electronics have been proposed, and it remains challenging to meet all the requirements of currently reported thermoelectric devices. Herein, we present a multifunctional, wearable, and wireless sensing system based on a thermoelectric knitted fabric with over 600 mm·s−1 air permeability and a stretchability of 120%. The device coupled with a wireless transmission system realizes self-powered monitoring of human respiration through an mobile phone application (APP). Furthermore, an integrated thermoelectric system was designed to combine photothermal conversion and passive radiative cooling, enabling the characteristics of being powered by solar-driven in-plane temperature differences and monitoring outdoor sunlight intensity through the APP. Additionally, we decoupled the complex signals of resistance and thermal voltage during deformation under solar irradiation based on the anisotropy of the knitted fabrics to enable the device to monitor and optimize the outdoor physical activity of the athlete via the APP. This novel thermoelectric fabric-based wearable and wireless sensing platform has promising applications in next-generation smart textiles.

关键词： Thermoelectric fabrics Wearable device Wireless Multifunctional sensing system Outdoor wearable signal monitoring

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可穿戴式汗液传感器

Elizabeth K. Wilson

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 359-360 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.04.008

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A systematic graph-based method for the kinematic synthesis of non-anthropomorphic wearable robots for

Fabrizio SERGI, Dino ACCOTO, Nevio L. TAGLIAMONTE, Giorgio CARPINO, Eugenio GUGLIELMELLI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 61-70 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0206-2

摘要：

The choice of non-anthropomorphic kinematic solutions for wearable robots is motivated both by the necessity of improving the ergonomics of physical Human-Robot Interaction and by the chance of exploiting the intrinsic dynamical properties of the robotic structure so to improve its performances. Under these aspects, this new class of robotic solutions is potentially advantageous over the one of anthropomorphic robotic orthoses. However, the process of kinematic synthesis of non-anthropomorphic wearable robots can be too complex to be solved uniquely by relying on conventional synthesis methods, due to the large number of open design parameters. A systematic approach can be useful for this purpose, since it allows to obtain the complete list of independent kinematic solutions with desired properties. In this perspective, this paper presents a method, which allows to generalize the problem of kinematic synthesis of a non-anthropomorphic wearable robot for the assistance of a specified set of contiguous body segments. The methodology also includes two novel tests, specifically devised to solve the problem of enumeration of kinematic structures of wearable robots: the HR-isomorphism and the HR-degeneracy tests. This method has been implemented to derive the atlas of independent kinematic solutions suitable to be used for the kinematic design of a planar wearable robot for the lower limbs.

关键词： assistive robotics non-anthropomorphic wearable robots topology kinematic synthesis HR-isomorphism test HR-degeneracy test

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A low cost wearable optical-based goniometer for human joint monitoring

Chee Kian LIM, Zhiqiang LUO, I-Ming CHEN, Song Huat YEO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 13-22 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0201-7

摘要：

Widely used in the fields of physical and occupational therapy, goniometers are indispensible when it comes to angular measurement of the human joint. In both fields, there is a need to measure the range of motion associated with various joints and muscle groups. For example, a goniometer may be used to help determine the current status of the range of motion in bend the arm at the elbow, bending the knee, or bending at the waist. The device can help to establish the range of motion at the beginning of the treatment series, and also allow the therapist to monitor progress during subsequent sessions. Most commonly found are the mechanical goniometers which are inexpensive but bulky. As the parts are mechanically linked, accuracy and resolution are largely limited. On the other hand, electronic and optical fiber-based goniometers promise better performance over its mechanical counterpart but due to higher cost and setup requirements does not make it an attractive proposition as well. In this paper, we present a reliable and non-intrusive design of an optical-based goniometer for human joint measurement. This device will allow continuous and long-term monitoring of human joint motion in everyday setting. The proposed device was benchmarked against mechanical goniometer and optical based motion capture system to validate its performance. From the empirical results, it has been proven that this design can be use as a robust and effective wearable joint monitoring device.

关键词： optical goniometer human-joint measurement

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医疗器械与新型穿戴式医疗设备的发展战略研究

程京,邢婉丽

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 68-71 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.011

摘要：

医疗器械领域涉及国计民生，发展潜力巨大，但我国医疗器械产业中低端产品较多，高端产品缺乏原创性，发展面临重重困难和挑战。作为快速增长的新兴技术领域，发展新型穿戴式医疗设备具有重要意义。为此，中国工程院启动了“我国全民健康与医药卫生事业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目，其中“医疗器械与新型穿戴式医疗设备的发展战略研究”作为八个重点课题之一，围绕医疗器械与新型穿戴式医疗设备的发展现状和战略需求，研究我国医疗器械产业与新型穿戴式医疗设备领域的现状及特点，分析我国医疗器械国产化与新型穿戴式医疗设备领域健康发展的关键问题，研究该领域的相关政策，理清我国医疗器械发展过程中的重点问题、需求、已有优势和特点，并在此基础上提出了对策建议。

关键词：医疗器械产业分析可穿戴设备发展战略

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用于可穿戴式人体助力和运动康复的人工肌肉 Review

Tian-yun DONG, Xiang-liang ZHANG, Tao LIU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第11期页码 1303-1315 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800618

摘要：传统外骨骼在可穿戴式人体助力和运动康复领域做出巨大贡献。然而，外骨骼仍然面临一些挑战，如质量大、结构复杂、刚度高、噪音大，且关节处有固定旋转中心，给老年人和肌肉虚弱者带来使用困难。相反，基于柔性智能材料的人工肌肉具有质量轻、结构紧凑、刚度低和静音驱动等特性，被认为是与天然肌肉最相似的材料。介电弹性体（dielectric elastomers，DE）和聚氯乙烯（polyvinyl chloride，PVC）凝胶致动应变和致动应力大，响应速度快，驱动寿命长，在可穿戴式人体助力和运动康复领域具有很大应用潜力。然而，这两种材料在这些领域少有研究。在这篇综述中，我们首先分别介绍DE和PVC凝胶的工作原理。接着，总结常用DE材料和PVC凝胶材料。然后，回顾这两种材料所需要的驱动电极和自传感系统。最后，介绍这两种材料在可穿戴式人体助力和运动康复领域的初步应用。

关键词：人工肌肉；智能材料；介电弹性体（DE）；聚氯乙烯（PVC）凝胶；执行器；可穿戴式人体助力；运动康复

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跨行业标准测试方法进展：从制造机器人到可穿戴机器人 Review

Roger BOSTELMAN, Elena MESSINA, Sebti FOUFOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第10期页码 1447-1457 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601316

摘要：制造机器人正朝着轻型机器人的人机协作方向发展。类似地，被动式（弹簧和平衡制动）和主动式（电机制动）外骨骼也可用于人类穿戴并移动身体部位。被计算机和集成传感器控制的外骨骼也被称作“可穿戴机器人”。通过风险评估，符合安全标准的制造机器人和可穿戴机器人现已允许人类使用。然而，两种系统都缺少其性能标准。可穿戴机器人性能标准测试方法可以从目前针对制造机器人和紧急响应机器人的类似性能标准测试方法的研究中得到启发。本文对制造机器人和搜救机器人性能测试的最新研究进行了介绍，同时讨论了如何利用相同测试方法更好地获得可穿戴机器人的性能。

关键词：可穿戴机器人；外骨骼；跨行业；人工制品；标准；抓取

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Personalized biomedical devices & systems for healthcare applications

I-Ming CHEN, Soo Jay PHEE, Zhiqiang LUO, Chee Kian LIM

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第1期页码 3-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0209-z

摘要：

With the advancement in micro- and nanotechnology, electromechanical components and systems are getting smaller and smaller and gradually can be applied to the human as portable, mobile and even wearable devices. Healthcare industry have started to benefit from this technology trend by providing more and more miniature biomedical devices for personalized medical treatments in order to obtain better and more accurate outcome. This article introduces some recent development in non-intrusive and intrusive biomedical devices resulted from the advancement of niche miniature sensors and actuators, namely, wearable biomedical sensors, wearable haptic devices, and ingestible medical capsules. The development of these devices requires carful integration of knowledge and people from many different disciplines like medicine, electronics, mechanics, and design. Furthermore, designing affordable devices and systems to benefit all mankind is a great challenge ahead. The multi-disciplinary nature of the R&D effort in this area provides a new perspective for the future mechanical engineers.

关键词： personalized medical devices wearable sensor haptic device ingestible medical capsule

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核能发展国际高端论坛 International Summit on Nuclear Energy Development

会议日期： 2019年05月15日

会议地点：中国

主办单位：中国工程院

Microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition promising for efficient energy deployment

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 931-942 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0771-y

摘要： Diverse interactions between microwaves and irradiated media provide a solid foundation for identifying novel organization pathways for energy flow. In this study, a high-energy-site phenomenon and targeted-energy transition mechanism were identified in a particular microwave heating (MH) process. Intense discharges were observed when microwaves were imposed on irregularly sized SiC particles, producing tremendous heat that was 8-fold the amount generated in the discharge-free case. Energy efficiency was thereby greatly improved in the electricity-microwaves-effective heat transition. Meanwhile, the dispersed microwave field energy concentrated in small sites, where local temperatures could reach 2000°C– 4000°C, with the energy density reaching up to 4.0 × 10⁵ W/kg. This can be called a high-energy site phenomenon which could induce further processes or reactions enhancement by coupling effects of heat, light, and plasma. The whole process, including microwave energy concentration and intense site-energy release, shapes a targeted-energy transition mechanism that can be optimized in a controlled manner through morphology design. In particular, the discharge intensity, frequency, and high-energy sites were strengthened through the fabrication of sharp nano/microstructures, conferring twice the energy efficiency of untreated metal wires. The microwave-induced high-energy sites and targeted energy transition provide an important pathway for high-efficiency energy deployment and may lead to promising applications.

关键词： microwave discharge high-energy sites targeted-energy transition morphology design energy efficiency